Los centros de datos han sufrido una migración paulatina del esquema clásico de almacenamiento eliminando la confrontación por un lado de las necesidades de rendimiento de las aplicaciones que da soporte el almacenamiento y las necesidades del negocio – importancia de los datos, precio de los diferentes tipos de almacenamiento -.
Para abordar estos conceptos nos ayudaremos de las siguientes clasficaciones según la SNIA:
Clases de Almacenamiento:
– SSD/Cache de Alto rendimiento
– Discos duros de Alto rendimiento (SAS,FC)
– Discos duros de Alta Capacidad (SATA, NL-SAS)
– Cintas
Clases de Datos:
– Misión Crítica
– Alto acceso/uso
– Bajo acceso/uso
Clases por precio:
– Redes de Almacenamiento
– DAS
– Nube pública
Atendiendo a estas clasificaciones el almacenamiento es particionado físicamente en función de una característica u otra ( precio, rendimiento, importancia del dato, … ) . Siendo la definición de tier en almacenamiento (Diccionario 2011 SNIA).
La tónica a la hora de comprar discos es que la elección esté condicionado tanto por el precio como por el rendimiento. Con las tecnologías actuales de almacenamiento ( SSD/Flash, Disco FC/SAS, Disco SATA/NL-SAS, Cinta), la elección de un tier en base a clases de almacenamiento lleva asociado un equivalente a clases por precio, de forma que un almacenamiento de alto rendimiento lleva asociado un alto coste y viceversa.
La introdución de los discos SSD en el mercado ha aumentado la diferencia tanto en precio como en rendimiento. Pensemos que en un escenario ideal donde sólo un tipo de almacenamiento de máximo rendimiento -SSD-, esta situación es contrapuesta al negocio debido a su diferencia de precio con el resto de tipos de almacenamiento. Para equilibrar costes frente a rendimiento está el tiering clásico, y actualmente en soluciones tipo enterprise el tiering automático o autotiering.
El autotiering es un concepto que se aplica en una cabina que disponga de diferentes tecnologías de almacenamiento (SAS,FC,SATA,SSD) y estudiando aquellos datos con mayor acceso (número de IOs) mueve de forma automática sus bloques/lunes a discos con mayor rendimiento y viceversa.
De esta forma sólo se necesita tener un porcentaje de discos de alto coste equivalente al tamaño de los datos de máximo acceso. En general, asegura un nivel de rendimiento balanceado entre diferentes tecnologías de disco según la necesidad de acceso al dato.
Una implementación acertada de autotiering proporciona un coste ajustado a las necesidades de rendimiento de los accesos a los datos.
Y recordar que en la actualidad el autotiering tiene sentido mientras los precios de los discos SSD mantengan la diferencia de precio significativa con respecto al resto de tecnologías FC/SAS/SATA. Lógicamente a igual precio, la eleción será tecnología de máximo rendimiento en cualquier escenario.
Para más referencias, dejo los enlaces de los productos con implementación del autotiering de diferentes fabricantes:
Dell/Compellent — Data Progression
EMC — FAST (Fully Automated Storage Tiering)
HP/3PAR — Adaptive Optimization
IBM — Easy Tier
Hitachi Data Systems – Dynamic Tiering
Anti-autotiering …
NetApp — “the entire concept of tiering is dying.” :O
Fuentes:
http://blogs.hds.com
http://thestorageanarchist.typepad.com
http://searchstorage.techtarget.co.uk
http://www.storagereview.com
http://snia.org/
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